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VACCINE SAFETY: WHAT ALL PARENTS SHOULD KNOW By: Sonal Shah, M.D. |
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Recently we visited Chicago for my cousin’s baby shower, where she, a pharmacist, asked me if she should really give her baby the MMR vaccine which has been linked to autism. She also worried about mercury in vaccines. Parents have a lot of questions when it comes to vaccinations. Today, children get about 20-21 vaccines by their kindergarten entry protecting them against eleven diseases. In some states, the Hepatitis A vaccine is also recommended routinely. An infant may get up to 4-5 shots at a single well child visit. Naturally, parents today are more concerned about side effects of vaccines. For most Americans, the childhood diseases that these vaccines protect against is only history. With the threat of the actual diseases less evident, side effects from vaccines seem proportionately more dangerous. I will address some questions most commonly asked by parents: · Does the MMR vaccine cause autism?Autism is a childhood disorder that affects a child’s development, speech and social skills. It becomes more manifest around 15-18 months of age, when children are developing speech and behavior patterns. This is the same time when MMR vaccine is given. In 1998, a British physician published a report of about 12 cases that he thought might have been caused by the MMR vaccine. But follow-up investigations in the United States, England and Finland showed that autism does not occur more commonly after the MMR vaccine is given. · Do vaccines cause SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)?Anti-vaccine groups claimed that whole-cell DTP vaccine may cause SIDS, but large studies have shown this not to be the case. · Does the Hepatitis B vaccine cause multiple sclerosis?A few years ago, the Hepatitis B vaccine was suspended in France following isolated reports that tied the vaccine to multiple sclerosis. Follow-up investigations failed to show any link between the two. · Can vaccines cause my child’s immune system to weaken?Some parents worry about giving too many vaccines at the same time. Most vaccines are made of purified antigens (proteins that scientists isolate from the germ). Most vaccines contain only one such antigen. However, in day to day life, a child gets exposed to thousands of antigens everyday from common colds and other infections.
· Do vaccines produce allergic diseases?There is a hypothesis which claims that by protecting children from these illnesses, we deprive their immune system from “education” it needs to prevent allergic diseases. However, this theory has not been proven yet. There may be some truth to this “too clean” hypothesis, but the vaccines protect against only eleven major childhood diseases that cause death and disability. There are hundreds of common day-to-day viruses that kids contract everyday. Most of the diseases which have been linked to vaccines have no known single cause and have existed for ages (even before vaccines were invented). While no vaccine is totally risk-free, serious reactions are extremely rare. The most common reactions are fussiness, a low-grade fever, and pain at the injection site. Certain shots can cause slight skin reactions, like MMR and chickenpox vaccines, usually a week or two later. Other very rare side effects are a high fever, seizures and a serious allergic reaction. The FDA and CDC have developed very efficient mechanism for monitoring side effects of vaccines even after it is marketed. Any vaccine with side effects that even remotely outweighs the risk of the disease itself is pulled from the shelves. You can learn more about potential reactions by reading the CDC’s Vaccine Information Statements at www.immunize.org/vis. |